An athletic mouthguard is a resilient device or appliance placed inside the mouth to reduce injuries particularly to the teeth and surrounding structures.
For optimal safety and well-being of athletes competing in the 21st Century, the Academy for Sports Dentistry has adopted the position that the single word "mouthguard" must be replaced by the term "a properly fitted mouthguard”.
In contact sports, it is critical that the mouthguard provides protection from direct and indirect impact. It must fit accurately, stay in position during impact, and redistribute the impact’s energy. The criteria for the fabrication or adaptation of a properly fitted mouthguard must include the following considerations:
- Pertinent Medical History
- Dental Status that considers:
a. Dental Caries
b. Periodontal Status
c. Developmental Occlusion
d. Orthodontic or Prosthodontic Appliances
e. Congenital/Pathological Conditions
f. Jaw Relationships
3. Demographic Factors
4. Type of Sport Played
The fitting of a mouthguard is best accomplished under the supervision or direction of a dentist. The athlete and/or parents should always be advised of the special design for the "properly fitted mouthguard" and the end product should have the following properties and considerations:
- It should be fabricated to adequately cover and protect both the teeth in the arch, and the surrounding tissues.
- It should be fabricated on a stone model taken from an impression of the athlete.
- Adequate thickness in all areas to provide for the reduction of impact forces. In particular, a minimum of 3mm thickness in the occlusal/labial area.
- It should have a seated equilibrated occlusion that is balanced for even occlusal contact. This helps to provide for the ideal absorption of impact energy.
- A fit that is retentive and not dislodged on impact.
- Speech considerations equal to the demands of the playing status of the athlete.
- A material that meets FDA approval.
- The properly fitted mouthguard should be routinely and professionally examined for fit and function. Frequency of routine inspection is dependent on factors such as the athlete’s age, the demand of the sport that the athlete is engaged in, and the willingness for the athlete to properly care for the appliance. The frequency of the inspection should be determined by the dental professional for each individual situation and athlete.
Approved by the Academy for Sports Dentistry Board of Directors 04/05/2010